See proven on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for proven meaning in All languages combined (10.6kB)
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "unproven"
},
{
"word": "disproven"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "probō",
"4": "",
"5": "test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove",
"pos": "verb"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin probō (“test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove”, verb)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "probus",
"4": "",
"5": "good, worthy, excellent"
},
"expansion": "Latin probus (“good, worthy, excellent”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pro-bʰuH-s",
"4": "",
"5": "being in front, prominent"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pro-bʰuH-s (“being in front, prominent”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prove",
"3": "n"
},
"expansion": "prove + -n",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Scottish English, as past participle of preve, a Middle English variant of prove – compare woven (from weave) and cloven (from cleave), both of which feature -eve → -oven. Preve died out in England, but survived in Scotland, where proven developed, initially in a legal context, as in “The jury ruled that the charges were not proven.” See usage notes for historical usage patterns.\nEarlier, from Late Latin probō (“test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove”, verb), from Latin probus (“good, worthy, excellent”), from Proto-Indo-European *pro-bʰuH-s (“being in front, prominent”), from *pro-, *per- (“toward”) + *bʰuH- (“to be”).\nMorphologically prove + -n.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more proven",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most proven",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "proven (comparative more proven, superlative most proven)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"prov‧en"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "not proven"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "It's a proven fact that morphine is a more effective painkiller than acetaminophen is."
},
{
"text": "Mass lexical comparison is not a proven method for demonstrating relationships between languages."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having been proved; having proved its value or truth."
],
"id": "en-proven-en-adj-7NYtl1wr",
"links": [
[
"prove",
"prove"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "promanito",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "প্রমাণিত"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "todennettu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "todistettu"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "prouvé"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "dearfa"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "provato"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "dimostrato"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "comprovato"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "dowiedziony"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "udowodniony"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "having been proved",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "provado"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dokázannyj",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "дока́занный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ispýtannyj",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "испы́танный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "podtverždjónnyj",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "подтверждённый"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having been proved",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "probado"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "demostrado"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "comprobado"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "diyama"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "dovedenyj",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "доведений"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹuːvən/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹəʊvən/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹoːvən/",
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹuvən/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːvən"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊvən"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-proven.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-proven.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "pro͞oʹvən"
},
{
"enpr": "prōʹvən"
}
],
"word": "proven"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "probō",
"4": "",
"5": "test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove",
"pos": "verb"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin probō (“test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove”, verb)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "probus",
"4": "",
"5": "good, worthy, excellent"
},
"expansion": "Latin probus (“good, worthy, excellent”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pro-bʰuH-s",
"4": "",
"5": "being in front, prominent"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pro-bʰuH-s (“being in front, prominent”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prove",
"3": "n"
},
"expansion": "prove + -n",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Scottish English, as past participle of preve, a Middle English variant of prove – compare woven (from weave) and cloven (from cleave), both of which feature -eve → -oven. Preve died out in England, but survived in Scotland, where proven developed, initially in a legal context, as in “The jury ruled that the charges were not proven.” See usage notes for historical usage patterns.\nEarlier, from Late Latin probō (“test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove”, verb), from Latin probus (“good, worthy, excellent”), from Proto-Indo-European *pro-bʰuH-s (“being in front, prominent”), from *pro-, *per- (“toward”) + *bʰuH- (“to be”).\nMorphologically prove + -n.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "proven",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"prov‧en"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English adjectives ending in -en",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 72",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 74",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 78",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -n",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "prove"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past participle of prove"
],
"id": "en-proven-en-verb-8BC2NXXI",
"links": [
[
"prove",
"prove#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(proscribed) past participle of prove"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"participle",
"past",
"proscribed"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹuːvən/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹəʊvən/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹoːvən/",
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹuvən/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːvən"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊvən"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-proven.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-proven.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "pro͞oʹvən"
},
{
"enpr": "prōʹvən"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Alfred, Lord Tennyson"
],
"word": "proven"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "proven",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "provar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person plural present indicative of provar"
],
"id": "en-proven-ca-verb-QhQihdXh",
"links": [
[
"provar",
"provar#Catalan"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɾɔ.βən]",
"tags": [
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɾɔ.vən]",
"tags": [
"Balearic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɾɔ.ven]",
"tags": [
"Valencian"
]
}
],
"word": "proven"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "proven",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "prove"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of prove"
],
"id": "en-proven-nl-noun-HLD2q6HO",
"links": [
[
"prove",
"prove#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Nl-proven.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/54/Nl-proven.ogg/Nl-proven.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Nl-proven.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "proven"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "proven",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan non-lemma forms",
"Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Catalan verb forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "provar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person plural present indicative of provar"
],
"links": [
[
"provar",
"provar#Catalan"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɾɔ.βən]",
"tags": [
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɾɔ.vən]",
"tags": [
"Balearic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɾɔ.ven]",
"tags": [
"Valencian"
]
}
],
"word": "proven"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "proven",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch noun forms",
"Dutch terms with audio links"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "prove"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of prove"
],
"links": [
[
"prove",
"prove#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Nl-proven.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/54/Nl-proven.ogg/Nl-proven.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Nl-proven.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "proven"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "unproven"
},
{
"word": "disproven"
}
],
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English adjectives ending in -en",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English irregular past participles",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -n",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verb forms",
"Requests for review of Dutch translations",
"Requests for review of German translations",
"Requests for review of Greek translations",
"Rhymes:English/uːvən",
"Rhymes:English/uːvən/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/əʊvən",
"Rhymes:English/əʊvən/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "not proven"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "probō",
"4": "",
"5": "test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove",
"pos": "verb"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin probō (“test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove”, verb)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "probus",
"4": "",
"5": "good, worthy, excellent"
},
"expansion": "Latin probus (“good, worthy, excellent”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pro-bʰuH-s",
"4": "",
"5": "being in front, prominent"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pro-bʰuH-s (“being in front, prominent”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prove",
"3": "n"
},
"expansion": "prove + -n",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Scottish English, as past participle of preve, a Middle English variant of prove – compare woven (from weave) and cloven (from cleave), both of which feature -eve → -oven. Preve died out in England, but survived in Scotland, where proven developed, initially in a legal context, as in “The jury ruled that the charges were not proven.” See usage notes for historical usage patterns.\nEarlier, from Late Latin probō (“test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove”, verb), from Latin probus (“good, worthy, excellent”), from Proto-Indo-European *pro-bʰuH-s (“being in front, prominent”), from *pro-, *per- (“toward”) + *bʰuH- (“to be”).\nMorphologically prove + -n.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more proven",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most proven",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "proven (comparative more proven, superlative most proven)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"prov‧en"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "It's a proven fact that morphine is a more effective painkiller than acetaminophen is."
},
{
"text": "Mass lexical comparison is not a proven method for demonstrating relationships between languages."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having been proved; having proved its value or truth."
],
"links": [
[
"prove",
"prove"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹuːvən/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹəʊvən/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹoːvən/",
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹuvən/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːvən"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊvən"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-proven.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-proven.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "pro͞oʹvən"
},
{
"enpr": "prōʹvən"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "promanito",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "প্রমাণিত"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "todennettu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "todistettu"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "prouvé"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "dearfa"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "provato"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "dimostrato"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "comprovato"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "dowiedziony"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "udowodniony"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "having been proved",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "provado"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dokázannyj",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "дока́занный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ispýtannyj",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "испы́танный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "podtverždjónnyj",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "подтверждённый"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having been proved",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "probado"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "demostrado"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "comprobado"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "diyama"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "dovedenyj",
"sense": "having been proved",
"word": "доведений"
}
],
"word": "proven"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English adjectives ending in -en",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English irregular past participles",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -n",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verb forms",
"Requests for review of Dutch translations",
"Requests for review of German translations",
"Requests for review of Greek translations",
"Rhymes:English/uːvən",
"Rhymes:English/uːvən/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/əʊvən",
"Rhymes:English/əʊvən/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "probō",
"4": "",
"5": "test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove",
"pos": "verb"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin probō (“test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove”, verb)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "probus",
"4": "",
"5": "good, worthy, excellent"
},
"expansion": "Latin probus (“good, worthy, excellent”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pro-bʰuH-s",
"4": "",
"5": "being in front, prominent"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pro-bʰuH-s (“being in front, prominent”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prove",
"3": "n"
},
"expansion": "prove + -n",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Scottish English, as past participle of preve, a Middle English variant of prove – compare woven (from weave) and cloven (from cleave), both of which feature -eve → -oven. Preve died out in England, but survived in Scotland, where proven developed, initially in a legal context, as in “The jury ruled that the charges were not proven.” See usage notes for historical usage patterns.\nEarlier, from Late Latin probō (“test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove”, verb), from Latin probus (“good, worthy, excellent”), from Proto-Indo-European *pro-bʰuH-s (“being in front, prominent”), from *pro-, *per- (“toward”) + *bʰuH- (“to be”).\nMorphologically prove + -n.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "proven",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"prov‧en"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English proscribed terms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "prove"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past participle of prove"
],
"links": [
[
"prove",
"prove#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(proscribed) past participle of prove"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"participle",
"past",
"proscribed"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹuːvən/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹəʊvən/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹoːvən/",
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹuvən/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːvən"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊvən"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-proven.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-proven.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-proven.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-proven.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "pro͞oʹvən"
},
{
"enpr": "prōʹvən"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Alfred, Lord Tennyson"
],
"word": "proven"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.